grammar

to list the grammar points by HSK level


        
 
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ID: 201
compare:
HSK: 2
format: 每 + Measure Word + Noun + 都…
example: 每 个 人 都 认识
details: The pronoun 每 (měi) covers the meanings of "each" and "every." It should normally be used with a measure word and used with 都 (dōu) in a complete sentence.
exception: there are some words that don't use measure word because they themselves are already measure word. For example: 天 (tiān), 年 (nián), 周 (zhōu), 次 (cì) etc.
keyword: 每 + 都
class: undefined,r,d,n
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question: 202
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ID: 202
compare:
HSK: 2
format: 每 + Measure Word + Noun + 都…+ 吗 ?
example: 你 每 个 人 都 认识 吗?
details: The pronoun 每 (měi) covers the meanings of "each" and "every." It should normally be used with a measure word and used with 都 (dōu) in a complete sentence.
exception: there are some words that don't use measure word because they themselves are already measure word. For example: 天 (tiān), 年 (nián), 周 (zhōu), 次 (cì) etc.
keyword: 每 + 都 + 吗
class: undefined,r,d,n,qu,u
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answer: 201
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ID: 203
compare:
HSK: 2
format: Number + Measure Word + Noun
example: 一 个 人 有 两 只 眼
details: In Chinese, all nouns are mass nouns so they all need measure word. In English, only a few nouns are associated with different measure word such as "a piece of furniture," "two sheets of paper," "three glasses of water," and so on.
exception: there isn't a one-to-one relationship between nouns and measure words. One measure word can be used with several different nouns, and one noun can take different measure words in different situations:
keyword: Number + Measure Word + Noun
class: m + q + mq
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question: 204
theme:
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ID: 204
compare:
HSK: 2
format: Verb + Number + Measure Word
example: 你 能 再 读 一 遍 吗 ?
details: 动量词 (dòng liàngcí), it is verbal measure word and verbal classifier. When a verb is done more than once, it also requires a measure word to accompany it. This way the measure word is acting as a way to count the frequency or re-occurrence of an action. The most basic one you probably already know is 次 (cì).
exception:
keyword: Verb + Number + Measure Word
class: m + q
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answer: 203
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ID: 205
compare:
HSK: 2
format: 这 / 那 + Measure Word + Noun
example: 那 个 房间
details: if you use 这 (zhè) or 那 (nà) before a noun, you also need to include a measure word before the noun.
exception: In this usage, the tone of 个 (gè) tends to soften, so it's represented below as a neutral tone (ge).
keyword: 这, 那
class: r,nhf,c
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ID: 206
compare:
HSK: 2
format: 第 + Number
example: 第 一
details: n English, there are four different suffixes for ordinal numbers: -st, -nd, -rd and -th. Chinese makes things a lot simpler by using one prefix for all ordinal numbers: 第 (dì). This character is simply placed in front of the number:
exception:
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class: h
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ID: 207
compare:
HSK: 2
format: 第 + Number + Measure Word + Noun
example: 他 要 坐 早上 第 一 班 地铁 去 上班。
details: Note that there are some words that don't use measure words because they themselves are already measure words. For example: 天 (tiān), 年 (nián), 周 (zhōu), 次 (cì), etc.
exception: Note that some nouns can form ordinals without 第 (dì). With these, the number can be used directly. For example, 七楼 (qī lóu) is "the seventh floor," even though there is no 第 (dì).
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class: h
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ID: 208
compare: 210
HSK: 2
format: Verb + 不 + Verb +?
example: 他们 来 不 来 ?
details: this pattern is called 正反问句 (zhèng-fǎn wènjù) and is a common way to form questions in Chinese. It is to first use a verb in the positive, then repeat the same verb in its negative form, similar to how in English we can say, "Do you have money or not?" or "Have you or have you not been to the park?" This sentence pattern feels a lot more natural in Chinese than those admittedly awkward English equivalents.
exception: Note that the question provides the listener with both possible answers: it's either "Verb" or "不 (bù) Verb." The verb 有 (yǒu) is negated with 没 (méi) and not 不 (bù),
keyword: [不]
class: h,d
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ID: 209
compare:
HSK: 2
format: Subj. + Verb + 不 + Verb + Obj.
example: 她 吃 不 吃 鱼?
details: use SVO format to add Subj. and Obj.
exception:
keyword: [不]
class: h,d
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ID: 210
compare: 208
HSK: 2
format: Adj. + 不 + Adj.
example: 他 帅 不 帅 ?
details: this pattern is called 正反问句 (zhèng-fǎn wènjù) and is a common way to form questions in Chinese. It is to first use an adj. in the positive, then repeat the same adj. in its negative form, similar to how in English we can say, "Is this park beautiful or is this park not beautiful?" This sentence pattern feels a lot more natural in Chinese than those admittedly awkward English equivalents.
exception:
keyword: [不]
class: h,d
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