grammar

to list the grammar points by HSK level


        
 
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ID: 261
compare: 266
HSK: 2
format: 已经 + [Verb Phrase] + 了
example: 他们 已经 走 了。
details: 已经⋯⋯了 (yǐjīng... le) is the basic pattern used to express "already" in Chinese. It's easy to forget the 了 (le) on the end, but using it will make your Chinese more natural.The most common structure is to use 已经⋯⋯了 (yǐjīng... le) with a verb phrase.
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keyword: 已经 + 了
class: undefined,d,u,v
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ID: 262
compare: 266
HSK: 2
format: 已经 + (很 +) Adj. + 了
example: 已经 很 便宜 了。
details: an adjective is used instead of a typical verb phrase
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keyword: 已经 + (很 +) 了
class: undefined,d,u,v
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ID: 263
compare: 265
HSK: 2
format: 已经 + Time + 了
example: 已经 11点 了，女儿 还 没 回来 。
details: A "time noun" simply refers to almost any word in Chinese indicating a time something happened.
exception:
keyword: 已经 + 了
class: undefined,d,u,v
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ID: 264
compare:
HSK: 2
format: 已经 + 不 + Verb + 了
example: 他 已经 不 爱 他 的 猫 了 。
details: this negative 已经 (yǐjīng) structure is translated into English as "not... anymore" rather than using the word "already.". The negative structure simply adds a 不 (bù) after 已经 (yǐjīng), and before the verb (or possibly adjective).
exception:
keyword: 已经 + 不 + 了
class: undefined,d,h,u,v
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ID: 265
compare: 263
HSK: 2
format: 都 + Time + 了
example: 都 十二 点 了 ，你 还 不 睡 ？
details: When 都⋯⋯了 (dōu... le) is used at the beginning of a sentence, it will usually be followed with 还 (hái) or 还在 (hái zài). This implies that the other party should stop some kind of action.
exception:
keyword: 都 + 了
class: d,n,undefined,u,v
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ID: 266
compare: 261
HSK: 2
format: Subj. + 都 + Predicate + 了
example: 饭 都 凉 了 ，快 吃 吧 。
details: The predicate part of the pattern can be a verb or an adjective. 都⋯⋯了 (dōu... le) is a pattern used to express that something has already happened, similar to 已经 (yǐjīng)⋯⋯了. However, 都⋯⋯了 is used more emphatically, implying that the speaker holds some sort of attitude in relation to the event and is not merely objectively stating the facts, as with 已经⋯⋯了. The two options can actually also be combined in the pattern 都已经⋯⋯了. Here the meaning is the same as 都⋯⋯了.
exception:
keyword: 都 + 了
class: d,n,undefined,u,v
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ID: 267
compare:
HSK: 2
format: Subj. + Verb + Obj. 1， 还 + Verb + Obj. 2
example: 她 有 一 个 弟弟，还 有 一 个 妹妹。
details: The adverb 还 (hái) can be used to link two phrases together, in a similar way to "and also" in English. In this case, 还 (hái) begins a new phrase or clause
exception:
keyword: 还
class: d,v
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ID: 268
compare:
HSK: 2
format: 还 vs 也
example: 他 做 了 饭 ， 还 洗 了 碗。
她 也 洗 了 碗
details: With 还 (hái), ONE subject is doing TWO different things, whereas when 也 (yě) is used, TWO subjects are doing ONE thing.
exception:
keyword: 还 , 也
class: d,v,undefined,u
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ID: 269
compare:
HSK: 2
format: Subj. + Time + 就 + Verb
example: 米饭 二十 分钟 就 好 。
details: 就 is used to express something happens "right away," talking about "very soon" in the future.
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keyword: 就
class: undefined,d,p,v
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ID: 270
compare:
HSK: 2
format: Subj. + [Point in Time] + 就 + Verb + 了
example: 飞机 十点 起飞 ，他 六点 就 到 机场 了 。
details: 就 is used to express "as early as," but this "as early as," usually does not have the sense of "earliness" as in Chinese.
exception: that 了 naturally occurs with a verb used after 就. This is because in the pattern, the verbs following 就 generally have the feeling of being completed.
keyword: 就 + 了
class: undefined,d,p,v,u
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