grammar

to list the grammar points by HSK level


        
 
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ID: 351
compare:
HSK: 3
format: Subj. + 没 + Verb + Adj. (+ Obj.)
example: 他 还 没 想 好 。
details: The only difference between the affirmative and negative forms is swapping a 了 (at the end of sentence) for a 没 (before the verb).
exception:
keyword: 没
class: undefined,d,v
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ID: 352
compare: 350
HSK: 3
format: Subj. + Verb + [One-syllable Verb] +了 (+ Obj.)
example: 你们 都 听 懂 了 吗 ？
details: Besides adjectives, there are a few single-syllable verbs which can also be used as result complements. Such as 到 (dào), 见 (jiàn), 懂 (dǒng), 会 (huì), 走 (zǒu), 掉 (diào).
exception:
keyword: [One-syllable Verb] +[了]
class: undefined,u,v
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ID: 353
compare:
HSK: 3
format: Subj. + Verb + 下去
example: 说 下去 。
details: 下去 (xiàqù) can be used as a result complement to talk about things continuing or carrying on. Think of it as a figurative way of "keeping the ball rolling" (downhill).
exception:
keyword: 下去
class: v,vd
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ID: 354
compare:
HSK: 3
format: Subj. + Verb + 不 + 下去 (+ 了)
example: 这个 故事 太 无聊 了 ，我 听 不 下去 了 。
details: Strictly speaking, simply adding 不 in front of the main verb (such as 不听了) is all it takes to create the negative form. But it's actually more common to use this negative potential complement form. So it's not just "not go on" (doing something), but actually "can't go on" (doing something).
exception: Note that 了 is often used when it's negated.
keyword: 不 + 下去+ 了
class: h,d,v,vd,undefined,u
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ID: 355
compare:
HSK: 3
format: Subj. + 再 + Verb + 下去
example: 你 再 赌 下去 会 输光 的 。
details:

When the adverb 再 comes before the verb, there's an implication that if "things keep going on this way," then something bad is going to happen.
exception:
keyword: 再 +下去
class: undefined,d,v,vd
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ID: 356
compare:
HSK: 3
format: 只要 + Condition ，就 + Result
example: 只要 你 努力 学习， 就 会 有 进步 。
details: to express that "as long as" [something happens], "then" [something else will happen]. In logic, this is referred to as a "sufficient condition," meaning that it may not be the only way to bring about the these specific consequences, but it is one reliable way.
exception:
keyword: 只要 + 就
class: undefined,c,vu,d,p,v
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ID: 357
compare: 359
HSK: 3
format: ⋯⋯ ，才 ⋯⋯
example: 我 花 了 八 千 块 才 买 到 了 旅游 的 东西。
details: the first half of the sentence involves some kind of "difficulty," usually involving spending a lot of time, money, or effort. The second half tells what was finally achieved after spending all that time, money, or effort. The English translation which tends to work most reliably for these sentences is "only after," but multiple translations are possible.
exception: using 才 here are loosely related, and revolve around a meaning of "only when," "only after," "only then," or "not until." The exact pattern is 只有……才…….
keyword: 才
class: undefined,d,n
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ID: 358
compare: 359
HSK: 3
format: ⋯⋯ ，才 ⋯⋯
example: 他 锁 上 了 门 才 想起来 没有 带 钥匙。
details: Note that this pattern can be translated in English as "Not until," "didn't... until," "only then," and "only after" depending on the context of the original Chinese.
exception: using 才 here are loosely related, and revolve around a meaning of "only when," "only after," "only then," or "not until." The exact pattern is 只有……才…….
keyword: 才
class: undefined,d,n
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ID: 359
compare: 357
HSK: 3
format: 只有 + Essential Condition + 才 + Desired Outcome
example: 只有 努力 才 能 做 好 工作。
details: 只有 (zhǐyǒu) means "only if," and is used with 才 (cái) to emphasize that only one course of action will bring about the desired outcome.
exception: 才 is often followed by 能, but not always.
keyword: 只有 + 才
class: undefined,c,d,v,n
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ID: 360
compare:
HSK: 3
format: 有的 + (Subj.) + Predicate， 有的 + (Subj.) + Predicate
example: 他 写 了 很多 书，有的 卖 得 很好， 有的 卖 得 不好。
details: All you need to do is put 有的 (yǒude) before the nouns there are "some of" in the sentence. If there is already some context, you can omit the subject, and the 有的 (yǒude) can just mean "some" instead of "some of something."
exception: you aren't limited to just two 有的 (yǒude) in the sentence. You can have multiple groups doing different things, and just precede them with a 有的 (yǒude) each time.
keyword: 有的 + 有的
class: undefined,r
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