grammar

to list the grammar points by HSK level


        
 
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ID: 371
compare:
HSK: 3
format: Subj. + 被 (+ Doer) + Verb + 了
example: 我 被 他 骗 了 。
details: 被 (bèi) sentences are simply sentences which use a passive verb and the word 被. 被 sentences are not the only way to create the passive verb form in Chinese, but they are the most common and definitely the type to tackle first.
exception: Normal use of 被 has a few preconditions:
The verb to be used with 被 needs to have an object (this will become the new subject of the 被 sentence). Verbs that take objects are called transitive verbs.
If you're going to state who the verb was done by (the "doer"), then the subject doing the original action must be known.
The verb can't be too simple (for example, a one-character verb like 吃). Put simply, something needs to come after the verb. That "something" can be a particle like 了, a complement, or sometimes even an additional object.
keyword: 被 + 了
class: char,n,p,undefined,u,v
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ID: 372
compare:
HSK: 3
format: Subj. +没有/没/有 + 被 (+ Doer) + Verb + 了
example: 他 没有 被 打伤
details: negation format
exception:
keyword: 没有, 没, 有 + 被 + 了
class: undefined,d,v,char,n,p,u
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ID: 373
compare:
HSK: 3
format: Subj. + 被 (+ Doer/Doer in question) + Verb/negative verbs + question particle + ?
example: 他 被 谁 打 的 ？
details: You can make 被 sentences into questions in the usual three ways to form questions in Mandarin:
With a question particle
With a question word
With positive-negative verbs
exception:
keyword: 被 + 的
class: char,n,p,undefined,u
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ID: 374
compare:
HSK: 3
format: Subj. + 被 (+ Doer) + Verb + Aspect Particles
example: 他 被 老师 打 过
details: The particles 了 and 过 can both be used with 被 constructions, which refers to an already complete action
exception: while 着 cannot. 着 indicates an action is "ongoing," which is not appropriate for a 被 construction,
keyword: 被 + 了, 过
class: char,n,p,undefined,u,v,nhf,vd
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ID: 375
compare:
HSK: 3
format: Subj. + 被 (+ Doer) + Verb + result/direction complements
example: 那个人 被 车 撞 死 了 。
details: Both result complements and direction complements work well in 被 sentences.
exception:
keyword: 被 + 了
class: char,n,p,undefined,u,v
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ID: 376
compare:
HSK: 3
format: Subj. +Adverb + 被 (+ Doer) + Verb + 了
example: 我们 都 被 老师 骂 了 。
details: Adverb is in front of 被
exception:
keyword: 被 + 了
class: char,n,p,undefined,u,v
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ID: 377
compare:
HSK: 3
format: Place + Verb + 着 + [Noun Phrase]
example: 教室 里 坐 着 两 百 多 个 学生
details: Verbs that are paired with 着 are usually stative verbs. So unlike with action verbs, you're going to be describing an action that is kind of like just sitting there. It could be standing there, lying there, sitting there hanging there... the point is it isn't actively expending energy doing anything.
exception:
keyword: 着
class: undefined,u,v
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ID: 378
compare:
HSK: 3
format: Place + 是/有 + [Noun Phrase]
example: 墙 上 都 是 他 家人 的 照片
details: Note that 是 is used to describe a singular object existing somewhere, while 有 can refer to multiple objects/people.
exception: The object that comes after 是 is the only thing (worth mentioning) in that area.
keyword: [是,有]
class: undefined,v,vl
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ID: 379
compare:
HSK: 3
format: 想 + Verb + 就 + Verb
example: 想 走 就 走 吧
details: similar in English, "whatever I want to eat, I eat" or, "wherever I want to go, I go." The verb that comes after the 想 and the 就 are the same verb.
exception:
keyword: 想 + 就
class: undefined,v,vu,d,p
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ID: 380
compare:
HSK: 3
format: 想 + Verb + [Question Word] + 就 + Verb + [Question Word]
example: 想 去 哪儿 就 去 哪儿
details: add [question word] after verb
exception:
keyword: 想 + 就 + ?
class: undefined,v,vu,d,p
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