学: grammar

grammar

to list the grammar points by HSK level

ID:	401
compare:
HSK:	3
format:	Subj. + Adj. + 多了
example:	你 (比我) 有经验多了
details:	to use 多了 without the full comparison pattern. 多了 is the only one of the three "much more" phrases (很多 / 得多 / 多了) which can be used this way.
exception:
keyword:	多了
class:	d
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ID:	402
compare:
HSK:	3
format:	除了 ⋯⋯ (+ 以外) ，Subj. + 都 ⋯⋯
example:	除了价格以外，其他方面我们都很满意
details:	除了⋯⋯ (以外), 都⋯⋯ is a pattern used to express "except." Make a special note of the 都 (dōu)! 以外 can be omitted from the pattern without changing its meaning.
exception:
keyword:	除了 ( +以外) + 都
class:	vphr,undefined,nd,d,n
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ID:	403
compare:
HSK:	3
format:	除了 ⋯⋯ (+ 以外) ，Subj. + 也 / 还 ⋯⋯
example:	除了猫和狗，我还养过兔子
details:	除了⋯⋯ (以外), 也/还⋯⋯ is used to express "in addition." Make a special note of the 也 or 还!
exception:
keyword:	除了 (+ 以外) + 也 / 还
class:	vphr,undefined,nd
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ID:	404
compare:
HSK:	3
format:	如果 ⋯⋯ ，就 ⋯⋯
example:	如果你再来，我们就报警
details:	如果⋯⋯，就⋯⋯ is an often-used pattern that is utilized in the same way that "If…, then…" is in English.
exception:	In English we sometimes drop then "then" in the second half of the sentence, and you can do the same in Chinese, dropping the 就.
keyword:	如果 + 就
class:	undefined,c,d,p,v
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ID:	405
compare:
HSK:	3
format:	如果 ⋯⋯ ，那么 / 那 ⋯⋯
example:	如果大家都不感兴趣，那我不说了
details:	Sometimes 那么 (nàme) is used instead of 就 (jiù), imparting a more relaxed, informal feel to the sentence. Sometimes just 那 (nà) will be used instead of 那么 (nàme).
exception:
keyword:	如果 + 那么 / 那
class:	undefined,c
short:	那
long:	那么
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ID:	406
compare:
HSK:	3
format:	如果 ⋯⋯ 的话，(就) ⋯⋯
example:	如果有人帮他的话，他就不会出事了。
details:	如果⋯⋯的话 (rúguǒ... dehuà) is a pattern commonly used in Chinese to express "if." An easy way to remember the pattern's format is that in the full form, the condition is "sandwiched" between 如果 and 的话.
exception:	Note that 就 (jiù) is often optional.
keyword:	如果 + 的话 + (就)
class:	undefined,c,u,d,p,v
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ID:	407
compare:
HSK:	3
format:	⋯⋯ (的话) ，就 ⋯⋯
example:	不想去的话就别去了
details:	Colloquially, it's also possible to drop the 如果 and just use the 的话 instead to mean "if."
exception:	的话 is optional.It's even possible to use neither 的话 nor 就, and let the "if" be completely implied.
keyword:	(的话) + 就
class:	undefined,u,d,p,v
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ID:	408
compare:
HSK:	3
format:	Subj. + 不但 ⋯⋯ ，而且 /也 / 还⋯⋯
example:	她不但聪明，而且很幽默
details:	The same subject should apply to both the first part and the second part (the part after 而且)
exception:	而且, can be replaced by 也 or 还
keyword:	不但 + 而且 / 也 / 还
class:	c
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ID:	409
compare:
HSK:	3
format:	不但 + Subj. 1 ⋯⋯ ，(而且) + Subj. 2 + 也 ⋯⋯
example:	老师发现，不但学生说谎，而且家长也说谎
details:	When there is only one subject with 不但⋯⋯而且⋯⋯, the subject has to come at the beginning of the sentence, before both 不但 and 而且. When using two different subjects, however, you need to put one after 不但 and one after 而且.
exception:	而且, can be omitted
keyword:	不但 (+ 而且) + 也
class:	c,undefined,d,u
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ID:	410
compare:
HSK:	3
format:	Subj. + Time Word + 才 + Verb
example:	这个项目最少要花两个月才能做完。
details:	才 indicates that the speaker feels that the events discussed happened later than expected. Sometimes it also expresses anxiety, impatience, anger, or other related emotions.
exception:	才 goes before the verb, and after the time word
keyword:	[Time Word] + 才
class:	undefined,d,n
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theme:	Both 才 (cái) and 就 (jiù) are adverbs that have to do with expressing time, and they are both placed before verbs. However, they typically have opposite effects on the tone of the sentence, with 才 (cái) implying a sense of lateness, and 就 (jiù) imparting a sense of earliness.
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